log F cijkl = Equation dos + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )

_ijkl and y_ijkl equal 0. x_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and y_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), x_ijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, y_ijkl equals 1 if k < l>

2nd, i measure ining how the likelihood of hukou intermarriage change having for each spouse’s studies (Gullickson and Torche, 2014), and now we then consider type when you look at the industry change among them metropolitan areas.

journal F cijkl = Picture dos + ? p = step one dos ? p you pij + ? q = 1 dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = 1 dos ? p you pij + ? c ? q = 1 2 ? q w qij

When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both u_pij and w_qij equal 0. u_pij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and w_qij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), u_pij equals 1 if k >p and w_qij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), u_pij equals 1 if l > p and w_qij equals 1 if k > q.

Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?_p and ?_q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Detailed Overall performance

Detailed leads to Table 1 tell you hukou area pairings out of spouses of the town. Into the Shanghai, about 47% out-of small-census was in fact developed ranging from two migrants; from inside the Shenzhen, you to definitely payment is more 70%. About 38% regarding marriage ceremonies with it a few local spouses within the Shanghai, whereas fifteen% regarding marriage ceremonies got several regional spouses in Shenzhen. Obviously, anybody tended to marry inside their hukou standing group both in metropolises. In cities, marriages anywhere between a location spouse and you may a good migrant spouse was indeed much more likely than simply marriage ceremonies ranging from an excellent migrant spouse and you can a neighborhood partner that occurs (13% vs. 3% during the Shanghai and eleven% versus. 4% inside Shenzhen). New percentage of hukou area homogamy is similar regarding the a few locations. But really, we wish to translate the results that have caution, because express of migrants varies throughout these one or two urban centers. The newest relative measurements of migrants and residents brings architectural marital solutions for folks to get prospective spouses and eventually ). Log-linear data lets us check the degree of hukou homogamy, net of the compositional consequences, of the dealing with to own marginal withdrawals regarding hukou position.

Dining table step 1.

instabang

I first present new withdrawals from training attainment having migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you may regional wives inside each city, correspondingly, inside Profile 1 . Typically, migrants try reduced educated than just locals, irrespective of gender, in both Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. Among migrants, men are ideal knowledgeable than ladies in one another Shanghai and you may Shenzhen. Having said that, certainly residents, new gender pit during the degree was sometimes quick otherwise stopped: regional men normally are merely a little finest educated than the feminine equivalents for the Shenzhen, and you can regional women normally be much more knowledgeable than simply the male competitors in the Shanghai. Log-linear models handle to the degree inequalities anywhere between everyone and you will between residents and you can migrants to fully capture the new connections ranging from spouses’ studies and anywhere between instructional and hukou area assortative mating, net of marginal distributions regarding spouses’ qualities.