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The operating system (OS) is an integrated set of specially designed software programs that oversee the entire computer’s operations and resources. From the perspective of a user’s standpoint, the OS is not visible — but it does provide applications with services they can use to make hardware and software more usable.

It is a fundamental operation system feature. The OS must be capable of organizing the contents of files in order to increase speed, reliability, and storage efficiency. This type of structure is known as the file system. It allows files to have names and attributes and can be organized into directories or folders forming a directory tree.

The majority of computers are fitted with a variety of hardware devices like keyboards, printers, mice and many other peripherals. These devices depend on device driver software to communicate with the operating system. The operating system installs and configures these drivers in order to provide the correct service to applications. It also hides hardware information from the users so that they can interact with their system without knowing the specific hardware configuration.

Process Management

An OS keeps all the programs running on the computer and decides how much time should be allocated to each one in a multitasking setting. It also manages interruptions applications create to keep a processor’s focus and ensures there sufficient memory to allow an application to finish its work without interfering other processes.

Operating systems perform other functions connected to the overall performance of the computer. For instance they manage the primary memory, which is comprised of large arrays of words or bytes with an address for each. The OS can determine the number of bytes being used by various applications and then move, delete, or reorganize these bytes to free up space.